Classes
7-8: New Genres of Instrumental Music
(cont.)
A.
The evolution of music for instrumental ensemble, c. 1500-early 17th
century
1. Brescia instrumentalists
in the 16th century [Hill 75]
1546: valveless trumpets, shawms, cornets,
crumhorns, recorders, flutes, and viole da braccio “in consorts, with the
organ”
Viol da gamba and
viole da braccio
Town instrumentalists
in Italy
1607:
violins, viols, recorders, trumpets, cornetts, sackbuts, basso continuo
late
17th-early 18th century: violin family,
oboes, bassoons, transverse flutes, (valveless) trumpets & horns, basso
continuo (usually without theorbo/lute)
2. String makers in Northern Italy,
1550s ff.: Brescia & Cremona:
Amati, Guarneri, Antonio Stradivari (c. 1644-1737)
Tuning:
Violin:
g-d’-a’-e’’, then and
now; the early violin
bow
Viola:
c-g-d’-a’
Cello
(Violoncello): C-G-d-a
Bass:
from viol family; E-A-D-G
Circé, ou le
balet comique de la reine (15 Oct. 1581, 10 p.m.-330 a.m.) & the French royal
court
4. Consort Music in the
16th century
a.
Improvisatory, introductory music: toccata, prelude, intonation, fantasia
d. Military music (trumpets)
5. Consort Music in the 17th century
[addition of basso continuo]
B. Examples of string music
1. Giovanni Paolo Cima
(c. 1570-1630), Sonata, violino e violone (solo sonata, 1610) [ABM 51, CD 2/8]
Liturgical function of
the canzona
(from O’Connell, The Celebration of Mass)
2. Improvisatory
practices
Diego Ortiz (c. 1510-c. 1570), Recercada
settima from Tratado de glosas (1553)
Salamone Rossi
(1570-c. 1630), Il primo libro delle sinfonie e gagliarde (1607)
Giovanni Battista
Fontana (c. 1589-c. 1630), Sonata 6 (solo sonata, bef. 1630) [ABM 53, no
rec.]. Virtuosity (Andrew Manze)
3. Variation sets:
Biagio Marini (1594-1663),
Sonata sopra la monica (trio sonata, 1629) [ABM 54, CD 2/9]
form of the tune
4. Learned
counterpoint:
Giovanni Battista
Buonamente, Sonata Quarta (trio sonata, 1626) [ABM 56, CD 2/10]
What genre?
5. Marco Uccellini, Sonata
prima a violino solo (solo sonata, 1645) [ABM 58, CD 2/11]
